光在哪，神在那。

原文：

    蜀賈三人，皆賣藥於市，其一人專取良，計入以為出，不虛價亦不過取嬴。一人良不良皆取焉，其價之賤貴，唯買者之欲，而隨以其良不良應之。一人不取良，惟其多賣，則賤其價，請益則益之不較，於是爭趨之，其門之限月一易，歲馀而大富。其兼取者趨稍緩，再期亦富。其專取良者，肆日中如宵，旦食則昏不足。鬱離子見而歎曰：“今之為士者，亦若是夫！昔楚鄙三縣之尹三，其一廉而不獲於上官，其去也，無以僦舟，人皆笑以為痴。其一擇可而取之，人不尤其取而稱其能賢。其一無所不取以交於上官，子吏卒，而賓富民，則不待三年，舉而任諸綱紀之司，雖百姓亦稱其善，不亦怪哉！” 



譯文：

    蜀地有三個商人，都在市上賣藥。其中一個專收購好藥材出賣，計算著收入和支出相當，不賣虛價，也不過多地謀取盈利。另一個商人把好藥、壞藥都收購來賣，價格的貴賤，只根據買者的需要，用好藥和壞藥來應付顧客。第三個商人不收購好藥，只靠多購多賣，降低藥的價格，顧客請求添點就添點，從不計較，於是人們都爭著去買他的藥，他家店舖的門檻，一個月就得更換一次，過了一年，他就發了大財。那個好藥、壞藥都賣的商人，買藥的顧客稍少些，過了兩年也富了起來。而那個專賣好藥的商人，他的藥店裡，每天中午都靜如夜晚，吃了早飯而到了晚飯就無米下鍋了。鬱離子聽了此事，嘆息了一聲說：“如今做官的人，也同這三個商人的情況一樣啊！從前楚國邊遠的三縣，有三個縣官，其中一個，為官清廉，卻不被上級官僚所喜歡，當他離任的時候，連一隻船都租賃不起，人們都譏笑他，認為他“癡呆”。另一個，選擇一切可能時機，索取錢財，人們卻不怨恨他，反而稱讚他“賢能”。再一個，則有利就沾，無所不貪，他用索取的錢財，結交上司，他待吏卒如子，把富豪當做賓客敬奉，於是不到三年，他就被推舉擔任了掌管綱紀的要職，即使平民百姓也稱頌他好，這不是很奇怪的事麼！” 

 註釋：

    1、賈（ｇｕ）：古指設肆售貨的商人。《周禮•地官•司市》曰：“以商賈阜貨而行市。”鄭玄注：“通物曰商，居賣物曰賈。”
    2、嬴（ｙｉｎｇ）：通“贏”，利潤。
    3、限：門檻。
    4、肆：店鋪。
    5、鄙：邊遠地區。
    6、縣之尹：縣官。
    7、無以僦（ｊｉｕ）舟：此句，明成化本、正德本、嘉靖單行本均作“無以就舟”。僦，租賃。
    8、綱紀之司：掌管治安與法紀的官署。 

B「越有魄力的作家，越是要帶著腳鐐跳舞才跳得痛快，跳得好。」此主張強 調新詩文采聲情等格律，提出者是誰？
(A)嘗試期詩人劉半農
(B)新月派詩人聞一多
(C)象徵派詩人戴望舒
(D)現代派詩人鄭愁予

朱光潛〈我們對於一棵古松的三種態 度〉

       誰都知道，一切事物都有幾種看法。你說一件事物是美的或是醜的，這也只 是一種看法。換一個看法，你說它是真的或是假的；再換一種看法，你說它是善 的或是惡的。同是一件事物，看法有多種，所看出來的現象也就有多種。

AAbout the characteristics of Communicative Language Teaching, which statement is NOT true?
(A)Lessons are more teacher-centered.
(B) Pair work and group work are emphasized.
(C) Proponents of Communicative Language Teaching advocate the use of authentic materials.
(D)Activities are designed for students to produce meaningful and real communication.
 

A Which of the following statements about speaking proficiency is correct?
(A)Sociolinguistic competence enables learners to encode and decode the discourse around them.
(B) Grammar competence is concerned with intersentential relationship.
(C) Strategic competence involves the rules and norms governing the realization of speech acts.
(D)Discourse competence is the way learners manipulate language in order to meet communicative goals.
 

Opera singers and dry air don't get along. In fact, the best professional singers require humid settings to help them achieve the right pitch. "When your vocal cords are really dry, they're a little less elastic," says Caleb Everett, an anthropological linguist at the University of Miami. As a result, singers experience tiny variations in pitch, called jitter, as well as wavering volume-- both of which contribute to rougher refrains. If the amount of moisture in the air influences musical pitch, Everett wondered, has that translated into the development of fewer tonal languages in arid locations? Tonal languages, such as Mandarin Chinese and Cherokee, rely on variations in pitch to differentiate meaning: the same syllable spoken at a higher pitch can specify a different word if spoken at a lower pitch or in a rising or falling tone. In a survey of more than 3,700 languages, Everett and his collaborators found that those with complex tones do indeed occur less frequently in dry areas than they do in humid ones, even after accounting for the clustering of related languages. For instance, more than half of the hundreds of languages spoken in tropical sub-Saharan locations feature complex tones, whereas none of the two dozen languages in the Sahara do. Overall only one in 30 complex tonal languages flourished in dry areas; one in three nontonal languages cropped up in those same regions. Those conclusions run counter to a traditional linguistic view that the structure of language is independent of its environment, says Robert Ladd, a linguistics researcher at the University of Edinburgh. To bolster the Miami group's findings, researchers in the field will need to prove that tonal languages require a precise control of pitch.

DIn this approach, the teacher acts as a counselor and a paraphraser, while the learner is seen as a client and collaborator.” What is this language teaching approach?
(A)The Direct Method
(B) The Silent Way
(C) The Community Language Learning Approach
(D)The Communicative Approach

C Although such devices as the abacus and the desk calculating machine have limited calculating _________, the computer is characterized by the number and complication of operations it can perform and by its ability to store, retrieve and process data.

(A) ability

DWhich of the following is    NOT    a correct description about English word formation 造詞 processes?
(A) The word textbook is a compound 複合字
(B) The word gym for gymnasium is an example of clipping減縮字.
(C) NATO for North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an acronym緊縮字.
(D) The use of geese as the plural form of goose is an example of suppletion不規則詞型變化.

suppletion 例:good-better-best
 

DWhich of the following is    NOT    a correct description about English word formation 造詞 processes?
(A) The word textbook is a compound 複合字
(B) The word gym for gymnasium is an example of clipping減縮字.
(C) NATO for North Atlantic Treaty Organization is an acronym緊縮字.
(D) The use of geese as the plural form of goose is an example of suppletion不規則詞型變化.

suppletion 例:good-better-best
 

CWhich of the following is   NOT   correct?
(A) The interpretation of a pronoun can be determined by another element, called the antecedent.
(B) In the sentence “Betty was my former classmate. She is now my teacher.,” the pronoun “She” is an anaphor.
(C) In the sentence “This is a big city.,” the deictic form “This” has gestural function.
(D) In the sentence “The book over there is Mary’s.,” the noun phrase “The book over there” is an exophoric reference.

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