光在哪，神在那。

participle phrases 分詞構句

作用：reduction of adverbial clauses(副詞子句) to adverbial phrases(副詞片語)

型態：

1. Ving (present participle 現在分詞)

* be +Ving /being +n. (Gerund as the subject 動名詞當主詞)

ex: Because she is a nurse, Mary sometimes has to work night shifts.

→Being a nurse, Mary sometimes has to work night shifts.

* 六個時態：現在進行式/過去進行式/未來進行式/

                   現在完成進行式/過去完成進行式/未來完成進行式

2. P.P. (past participle 過去分詞)

*Ving. = Because

  Having + p.p. ... before = Because ... before

ex: Because I have visited the museum before, I don't want to go again.

→ Having visited the museum before, I don't want to go again.

ex: Because I had visited the museum before, I didn't want to go again.

→ Having visited the museum before, I didn't want to go again.

*六個時態：現在完成式/過去完成式/未來完成式/

                   現在完成進行式/過去完成進行式/未來完成進行式

3. adj

*(being) + adj

ex: Because he was unable to afford a car, he bought a scooter instead.

→(Being) unable to afford a car, he bought a scooter instead.

步驟：

1.找兩句主詞是否相同

2.刪掉副詞子句的主詞(和beV.)

3.副詞子句的動詞改成分詞(現在分詞or過去分詞 *現在分詞表主動/過去分詞表被動) 

4.連接詞

(1)有可能消失的：while

(2)會變形的：when=on/upon

(3)一定要消失的：because

※Verbals 動狀詞