光在哪，神在那。

A Which of the following can be distinguished by stress placement, such as ′record (noun), re′cord (verb)?
(A) Word-class pairs.
(B) Minimal pairs.
(C) Articulatory settings.
(D) Allophonic variations.

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(A) Word-class pairs. 詞類(part of speech)
identical words with different grammatical function

(B) Minimal pairs.  最小對
指一組兩個，只差一個音且意義不同的單詞
例如，英語的pen[pɛn]及pin[pɪn]只差一個音且字義可以區別，所以pen及pin是最小對。由這組最小對，可判定/ɛ/及/ɪ/是兩個有區別的音位。

(C) Articulatory settings. (音準?)
The learner must acquire not only the vowels, consonants, stresses and pitches of the target language, but also acquire something much more complex (the articulatory setting) that      relates to all the typical positions of lips, tongue, jaw etc that native speakers use.

(D) Allophonic variations.重音變化
拼法相同，讀音不一樣
 

Homographs同形異義字 - their definition, the change in pronunciation and of meaning (namely in words such as desert, conduct) 

• Heteronym同拼法異音異義的字